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PDD is the new text revision term from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5-TR) for dysthymia or chronic depression.

This type of depression lasts at least 2 years but usually lasts longer. It is the only depressive disorder where symptoms last a long time Often, PDD occurs during childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. It can be difficult for a person to detect PDD because the symptoms are less severe than those of major depressive disorder (MDD). Its persistent nature can also cause people to normalize symptoms.

Symptoms of PDD are similar to those of MDD, which reliable sources include.
(Low battery) 

(Appetite changes)
(Difficulty concentrating)
(Feelings of hopelessness)
(Sleep disturbance)

However, people with MDD usually alternate between periods of severe depression and periods without symptoms.

A depressive episode is a change from a person's usual outlook and daily routine to low mood and depressive symptoms.

Symptoms of MDD are similar, reliable sources include.

In contrast, people with ASD usually have persistent symptoms that last at least 2 years. Although these symptoms may be less severe than those of MDD, they can significantly affect a person's mental state and general health. 

They can lead to a significant change in the way a person sees the world.

symptoms

The symptoms of PDD are similar to those of other forms of depression, although they last longer and are less severe.

In addition to depressed mood for at least 2 years, symptoms of PDD include.

Sleep problems.

fatigue.

Self-esteem issues.

Lack of concentration.

indecisiveness.

depression.

Feeling hopeless.

Loss of appetite or overeating.

It is also possible for a person to experience symptoms of PDD and MDD at the same time.

Reasons

Researchers continue to learn more about the causes of ASD, which may include neurotransmitters and receptors that affect mood. Medicines usually target the neurotransmitter serotonin. However, researchers have found that other

neurotransmitters can also affect mood, including.

Dopamine

epinephrine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Glutamate

The researchers also found brain regions that show significant volume loss in people with ASD. It includes the frontal parts of the brain, mainly the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex, and the hippocampus.

Additional risk factors for PDD include.

Genetics and epigenetics

Previous psychiatric disorders

Neuroticism

High levels of anxiety

self image

mental health

shock

Life pressures

Social Determinants of Health.

treatment,

To help treat and manage ASD, a person can meet with a trusted resource to talk to a mental health professional. In general, treatment strategies for PDD are similar to those for MDD and include a combination of medication and psychotherapy. In general, a combination of these two treatments is more effective than either one.

Individual treatment plans vary depending on the cause of depression, the severity of symptoms, and the number of symptoms.

Interpersonal therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are common forms of psychotherapy for ASD.
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